{"id":2045,"date":"2025-01-08T10:45:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/?p=2045"},"modified":"2025-04-03T12:17:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T09:17:30","slug":"talassokrasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/08\/talassokrasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Talassokrasi-Stefano Sogari"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Stefano Sogari\u2019nin, Edizioni Arktos taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan Iustissima Tellus. Carl Schmitt e la Resistenza Filosofica alla Talassocrazia<\/em><\/a> adl\u0131 kitaptaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zetidir. \u201cTalassokrasiler\u201d<\/em> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan denizci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 jeopolitik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 verilen direni\u015f \u00fczerine son derece spesifik bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talassokrasi<\/em>, denizcilik h\u00e2kimiyetiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r; yani gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki deniz alanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim olan, stratejik geni\u015flemelerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde deniz yolu \u00fczerinden ticari ve asker\u00ee (donanma g\u00fcc\u00fc, hatta korsanl\u0131k) ara\u00e7larla s\u00fcrd\u00fcren devletlerdir. Modern d\u00fcnyada bu t\u00fcr denizci uygarl\u0131klar, karasal esasl\u0131 medeniyetlere z\u0131t bir konumda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr; Carl Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k merkezi bir temad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iustissima Tellus<\/em> kitab\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, talassokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin yaln\u0131zca jeopolitik bir m\u00fccadele olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda liberal soyutlamaya ve siyasetin etkisizle\u015ftirilmesine (n\u00f6trle\u015ftirilmesine) kar\u015f\u0131 felsef\u00ee bir direni\u015f anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrer. Carl Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine at\u0131fta bulunarak Sogari, kimlikleri korumak ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczenin toplumsal hayat\u0131n her bi\u00e7imini salt ekonomik de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f mekanizmas\u0131na indirgeme e\u011filimine set \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in somut egemenlik ve siyaseti yeniden kazanman\u0131n zorunlulu\u011funu vurgular. Bu perspektifte, direni\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda kimliklerin muhafazas\u0131na ve Schmitt\u2019e g\u00f6re halklar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n ve somut siyas\u00ee ger\u00e7ekliklerin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnya politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carl Schmitt \u00f6nemi, Roma hukuk gelene\u011finden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir Alman (\u201cmill\u00ee\u201d) hukukun olu\u015fumuna ve ba\u015fka devlet d\u00fczenlerine de \u00f6rnek te\u015fkil edebilecek bir Alman \u00f6zg\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aray\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele al\u0131n\u0131r. Bu aray\u0131\u015f, ulusal bir dirili\u015f (yeniden do\u011fu\u015f) amac\u0131 g\u00fcden devlet d\u00fczenleri i\u00e7in de bir ders niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carl Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, Avrupa hukukunu inceleyen geleneksel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra jeopolitik ba\u011flamda da incelenir. Sogari, Schmitt\u2019in liberalizme ve k\u00fcreselle\u015fmeye getirdi\u011fi ele\u015ftiriyi, \u00f6zellikle denizci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin (talassokrasilerin) siyas\u00ee \u00f6zerklik ve mill\u00ee egemenli\u011fi tehdit etmesi boyutunda ele al\u0131r. Burada s\u00f6z konusu \u201cfelsef\u00ee direni\u015f\u201d, deniz yollar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ve modern liberal devletlerin (\u00f6zellikle Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve ABD) k\u00fcresel hegemonya kurmas\u0131na dayanan d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenine hem kuramsal hem de pratik kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talassokrasi ve Schmitt\u2019in jeopoliti\u011fi
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alman hukuk\u00e7u Schmitt\u2019in, talassokrasiyi karasal g\u00fc\u00e7lerden (tell\u00fcrokrasi) ay\u0131ran bir iktidar bi\u00e7imi olarak nas\u0131l g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vurgulan\u0131r. Denizci g\u00fc\u00e7ler, k\u00fcresel ekonomiyi, uluslararas\u0131 ticareti ve d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenini kontrol eden akt\u00f6rler olarak sunulur. Schmitt\u2019e g\u00f6re bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin birincil hedefi ticaretin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve seyr\u00fcsefer \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr; bu da siyaseti ve egemenli\u011fi, ekonomik y\u00f6netimin basit ara\u00e7lar\u0131 haline indirger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSiyas\u00ee egemenli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d olarak direni\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Schmitt, k\u00fcresel homojenle\u015ftirmeye kar\u015f\u0131 bir direni\u015f fikri geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Schmitt\u2019in \u201cfelsef\u00ee direni\u015fi\u201d<\/em> sadece jeopolitik bir ele\u015ftiri de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda derin bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel direni\u015ftir. Bir Kulturkampf<\/em> (k\u00fclt\u00fcr m\u00fccadelesi) anlam\u0131nda, liberalizmin dogmas\u0131na\u2014devletler aras\u0131 ger\u00e7ek \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yads\u0131yan ve siyaseti salt teknik\/idar\u00ee bir alana indirgeyen bir anlay\u0131\u015fa\u2014kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Schmitt, \u201ck\u00fcresel toplum\u201d<\/em> fikrine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak, siyas\u00ee egemenli\u011fin ve toprak temelli politikan\u0131n somutlu\u011funa, halklar\u0131n ya\u015famsal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na d\u00f6nmenin gereklili\u011fini savunur. Bu direni\u015f ayn\u0131 zamanda, somut bir toplulu\u011fun temel normunun ifadesi olan radikal bir hukuk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u2014k\u00fcresel ve soyut bir hukukun aksine\u2014tekrar merkeze al\u0131nmas\u0131 talebini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schmitt\u2019in siyaset felsefesinde egemenli\u011fin merkez\u00ee rol\u00fc
<\/strong>Schmitt\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeki temel unsurlardan biri, egemenlik kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Egemenlik, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li ilan edebilme, yani acil durumlara yan\u0131t vermek i\u00e7in normal hukuku ask\u0131ya alabilme kapasitesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Schmitt, bu egemenli\u011fi, talassokrasilerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evrensel ve soyut yasalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir direni\u015f oda\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Zira bu denizci g\u00fc\u00e7ler, ticaret ve hareket serbestisi ilkelerine dayal\u0131, asl\u0131nda \u201cba\u015f\u0131 olmayan\u201d<\/em> (acele y\u00f6netilen) bir k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeni me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rma e\u011filimindedir. Egemenlik ise bir toplulu\u011fun kendi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bi\u00e7imde belirleme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder; ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2li ilan etme yetkisi, toplulu\u011fun ger\u00e7ek temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan, o toplulu\u011fun ad\u0131na ve lehine kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Talassokrasinin siyaseti \u201cn\u00f6trle\u015ftirme\u201d giri\u015fimine ele\u015ftiri
<\/strong>Schmitt\u2019in \u201cn\u00f6trl\u00fck\u201d<\/em> kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temeldir: Ona g\u00f6re hukuk ve siyaset asla n\u00f6tr veya tarafs\u0131z olamaz; her zaman belirli bir siyasal toplulu\u011fun somut \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi halde ortaya ger\u00e7ekten \u201cn\u00f6tr\u201d bir sistem de\u011fil, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ve siyasal \u00f6zelliklerini \u201cn\u00f6trl\u00fck\u201d<\/em> ve \u201cliberalizm\u201d <\/em>maskesi alt\u0131nda gizleyen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 sistemi \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Direni\u015fin teopolitik boyutu
<\/strong>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ayr\u0131ca, Schmitt\u2019in teopolitik boyutu da incelenir; siyasetin her zaman kutsal ve varolu\u015fsal meselelerle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e oldu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131r. Bu \u201ckutsal egemenlik\u201d<\/em> fikri, uluslararas\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve siyasetleri homojenle\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir set g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schmitt\u2019in, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n zor ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 tarihini anlamak i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir yazar oldu\u011fu iyi bilinir. Onun ortaya koydu\u011fu ilke ve kavramlar\u0131n XXI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda da ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini koruyaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, siyasetin, iktidar\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerinin tarihsel olarak hep benzer dinamikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunur. Bir halk\u0131n, kendi tarih\u00ee varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek ve d\u00fcnya sahnesindeki yerini korumak i\u00e7in ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde egemenlik hakk\u0131 kullanabilece\u011fi sorusu, d\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi bug\u00fcn de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stefano Sogari\u2019nin, Edizioni Arktos taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan Iustissima Tellus. Carl Schmitt e la Resistenza Filosofica alla Talassocrazia adl\u0131 kitaptaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zetidir. \u201cTalassokrasiler\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan denizci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 jeopolitik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 verilen direni\u015f \u00fczerine son derece spesifik bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Talassokrasi, denizcilik h\u00e2kimiyetiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r; yani gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki deniz alanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim… Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2046,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[64,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ceviri","category-yazilar"],"yoast_head":"\nTalassokrasi-Stefano Sogari - Eren Ye\u015filyurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2025\/01\/08\/talassokrasi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Talassokrasi-Stefano Sogari - Eren Ye\u015filyurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Stefano Sogari\u2019nin, Edizioni Arktos taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan Iustissima Tellus. Carl Schmitt e la Resistenza Filosofica alla Talassocrazia adl\u0131 kitaptaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zetidir. \u201cTalassokrasiler\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan denizci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 jeopolitik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 verilen direni\u015f \u00fczerine son derece spesifik bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Talassokrasi, denizcilik h\u00e2kimiyetiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r; yani gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki deniz alanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim... 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Carl Schmitt e la Resistenza Filosofica alla Talassocrazia adl\u0131 kitaptaki b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zetidir. \u201cTalassokrasiler\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan denizci g\u00fc\u00e7lerin dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 jeopolitik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczene kar\u015f\u0131 verilen direni\u015f \u00fczerine son derece spesifik bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Talassokrasi, denizcilik h\u00e2kimiyetiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7ler olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r; yani gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki deniz alanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim... 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