{"id":2479,"date":"2025-07-14T13:55:27","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T10:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/?p=2479"},"modified":"2026-03-10T11:31:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T08:31:39","slug":"claudio-mutti-instead-of-a-conservative-revolution-we-should-theorise-a-traditional-revolution-inspired-by-a-revolutionary-traditionalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/14\/claudio-mutti-instead-of-a-conservative-revolution-we-should-theorise-a-traditional-revolution-inspired-by-a-revolutionary-traditionalism\/","title":{"rendered":"Claudio\u202fMutti: \u00a0Instead of a \u201cConservative Revolution\u201d we should theorise a \u201cTraditional Revolution\u201d inspired by a \u201cRevolutionary Traditionalism\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Claudio\u202fMutti is an Italian scholar\u202f\u2014\u202fa Muslim, a Traditionalist, and a Eurasianist \u2014 who continues to direct <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurasia-rivista.com\/\">Eurasia Rivista<\/a><\/em>. Over the course of his life he has crossed paths with many leading figures and has personally witnessed the decisive turning\u2011points of our age; this is his first interview conducted in Turkey. We covered a wide range of subjects, from Nietzsche to geopolitics, from Codreanu to Eurasianism, from Islam to the idea of a Mediterranean union.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>For our readers in Turkey who may not know you, could you tell us something about yourself? How did your conversion to Islam and your relationship with the Traditionalist School shape your intellectual and spiritual journey? In what way did Julius\u202fEvola and the Traditionalist School influence your philosophical path?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I practised the Catholic faith until I was fifteen years old, when the abolition of Latin as the liturgical language and the change in religious rites led me to seek other ways of approaching the sacred. In this search I was greatly helped by the so\u2011called \u201cmasters of Tradition,\u201d first Julius\u202fEvola, then Ren\u00e9\u202fGu\u00e9non. Evola\u2019s masterly work <em>Revolt Against the Modern World<\/em> presented Islam to me as a \u201ctradition of a higher level not only than Judaism but also than the beliefs that have conquered the West\u201d; Ren\u00e9\u202fGu\u00e9non\u2019s writings served as my compass for a deeper study of traditional doctrines and of Islam in particular. I moved from theory to practice when I pronounced the <em>shahada<\/em> at the age of thirty\u2011three.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>What prompted you to write the book Nietzsche and Islam? Did you address Nietzsche\u2019s ideas in a way similar to Muhammad\u202fIqbal\u2019s interpretations?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/images-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2481\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>According to Muhammad\u202fIqbal, the fundamental needs expressed in Nietzsche\u2019s thought find complete fulfilment within the Islamic vision. The <em>Gestalt<\/em> (archetypal figure) to which Nietzsche gives the name <em>\u00dcbermensch<\/em> (Super\u2011man) is sublimated and perfected in the Islamic notion of the \u201cservant of God.\u201d Indeed, the Islamic Super\u2011man\u2014the perfect human (<em>al\u2011ins\u0101n al\u2011k\u0101mil<\/em>) exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad\u2014is called <em>\u02bfabd<\/em>, \u201cservant,\u201d at the moment of his greatest exaltation in the Qur\u2019an (17:1), when he is borne toward the Divine Throne. Thus, according to Iqbal, the <em>\u00dcbermensch<\/em> is one who fully and actively identifies his own will with the Divine Will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are other fundamental notions in Nietzsche\u2019s thought which, like that of <em>\u00dcbermensch<\/em>, find precise correspondences in Islamic doctrine. One example is the formula <em>amor fati<\/em>, a central pillar of Nietzsche\u2019s conception of life. A hallmark of Islam is the awareness of the total dependence of manifestation upon its Divine Principle; hence the Muslim\u2019s confident acceptance of whatever occurs in the universe. This attitude, which in no way excludes individual responsibility and is perfectly compatible with action, could rightly be defined with Nietzsche\u2019s expression <em>amor fati<\/em>, especially when serene acceptance of the Divine decree (<em>fatum<\/em>) turns into love for Allah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Corneliu\u202fZelea\u202fCodreanu is an important figure in Romanian history, especially as founder of the Iron Guard. How do Codreanu\u2019s ideas and actions relate to your views on nationalism and traditionalism?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"191\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/images-1-2.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2482\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Iron Guard (the Legion of the Archangel Michael), whose nationalism and traditionalism lay in a close relationship with the traditions of the Romanian people, was not a political party in the modern sense but a movement animated by a religious, almost mystical fervour; not by chance were numerous Orthodox priests active in its ranks. Legionary ethics can be described as ascetic and chivalric, inspired by an ideal of sacrifice, self\u2011overcoming, and service to the people. In <em>For the Legionaries<\/em> Codreanu writes that the Legion must be more a school and an army than a political party and that from this school should emerge a \u201cnew man,\u201d that is, a man with heroic qualities. After a long conversation with the Captain, Julius\u202fEvola likewise wrote that \u201cthe task of the Movement is not to formulate new programmes, but to create, to shape a new man, a new way of being.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Is your interest in geopolitics linked to your Traditionalist thinking, or were there specific historical or intellectual reasons that led you to it?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A reflection by Ren\u00e9\u202fGu\u00e9non on \u201csacred geography\u201d and geographical symbolism led me to ask whether Carl\u202fSchmitt\u2019s famous assertion\u2014that \u201call the most significant concepts of modern state doctrine are secularised theological concepts\u201d\u2014can also be applied to geopolitics. In my view, certain key geopolitical notions can indeed be considered \u201csecularised theological concepts.\u201d Let me mention just one example. The Latin word <em>limes<\/em>, now adopted in contemporary geopolitical vocabulary (an Italian geopolitics journal is even called <em>Limes<\/em>), originally indicated a dividing line drawn between plots of land allotted to settlers; its meaning later broadened to denote a military road and, indeed, the entire system of fortifications on the Empire\u2019s borders where those borders were not marked by sea or river. The supreme protector of the <em>limes<\/em> was the god Terminus, to whom Ovid addresses these words: \u201cYou mark the boundary between peoples, cities, and great realms.\u201d Georges\u202fDum\u00e9zil showed that in ancient Indo\u2011European religion the name Terminus corresponded to a characteristic quality of the sovereign deity: the function of supreme guardian of territorial limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>How does the geopolitical framework you have developed differ from Aleksandr\u202fDugin\u2019s concept of Eurasianism?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"280\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/prospettive-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2484\" style=\"width:237px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/prospettive-2.jpg 280w, https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/prospettive-2-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In Dugin\u2019s perspective the Old World\u2014the land\u2011mass of the Eastern Hemisphere\u2014is divided into three great \u201cvertical belts\u201d running north\u2011south along the meridians: Eurafrica (Western and Central Europe, the Arab great\u2011space, sub\u2011Saharan Africa); the Russo\u2011Central Asian zone (former USSR, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, the Indian subcontinent); and the Pacific zone (China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Australia). This \u201cvertical\u201d geopolitical vision, which sharply separates Europe from Russia, was criticised in the pages of <em>Eurasia<\/em> by Carlo\u202fTerracciano, who observed that Eurasia is a \u201chorizontal\u201d continent, extending along the parallels. Translating this geographical fact into geopolitical terms, Terracciano\u2014contrasting with Dugin\u2014proposed integrating the great northern Eurasian plain from the English Channel to the Bering Strait. In such a perspective it is natural for Europe to integrate into an economic, political, and military sphere of cooperation with Russia; otherwise it will be used by the Americans as a weapon against Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf we can and must still speak of West and East,\u201d Terracciano concluded, \u201cthe line of demarcation must be drawn between the two hemispheres, between the two continental masses separated by the great oceans,\u201d so that the true West, the land of sunset, turns out to be America, while the East, the land of light, coincides with the Old Continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite his \u201cvertical\u201d conception, at odds with a common Eurasian destiny, Dugin was nevertheless well aware that Eurasia is under attack from U.S. thalassocracy, which by its very nature (and not merely by the orientation of one part of its political class) has always been driven toward world dominion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But in 2016, when Donald\u202fTrump\u2019s first presidential campaign began, Dugin set aside the geopolitical viewpoint and adopted a predominantly ideological one, identifying globalist liberalism as the \u201cmain enemy\u201d and greeting the election of the \u201cconservative\u201d and \u201cisolationist\u201d Trump with unbridled enthusiasm. \u201cFor me,\u201d Dugin said in November\u202f2016, \u201cit is obvious that Trump\u2019s victory has marked the collapse of the global political paradigm and, simultaneously, the beginning of a new historical cycle\u202f\u2026 In Trump\u2019s age anti\u2011Americanism is synonymous with globalisation\u202f\u2026 anti\u2011Americanism in today\u2019s political context has become part and parcel of the rhetoric of the very liberal elite, for which Trump\u2019s arrival in power was a real blow. For Trump\u2019s opponents, 20\u202fJanuary was \u2018the end of history\u2019, whereas for us it represents a gateway to new opportunities and options.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Continuing along this path, on 3\u202fJanuary\u202f2020 Dugin even wished Trump \u201cfour more years. Keep America great\u201d\u2014on the same day Trump proudly claimed responsibility for the assassination of General\u202fSoleimani. Thus Dugin has advocated a \u201cnew alliance\u201d between Russia and the United States. \u201cThe enemies of Russia,\u201d he wrote on 20\u202fMay\u202f2025 on the <em>Katehon<\/em> site, \u201care the enemies of Trump, and the enemies of Trump are the enemies of Russia. Indeed, our new relations [between Russia and the USA] should be built on this rejection of globalism. And perhaps even our new alliance.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Leaving Eurasianism aside, I would like to discuss the idea of a Mediterranean union. Do you believe it is possible to create such a union? What do you foresee for the future of Italy and Turkey in the Mediterranean context?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since the Second World War the Mediterranean has been dotted with NATO and United States military bases\u2014from M\u00e1laga to Sigonella, from Alexandria to Izmir to Cyprus\u2014turning it into an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, practically a lake under North\u2011American domination. Added to this is the presence of another foreign body that continually causes destabilisation and conflict: the criminal Zionist regime that has occupied Palestinian territory for eighty years. In such a situation a \u201cMediterranean union\u201d would have decisive meaning only if its purpose were a concerted action to expel these alien presences from our <em>mare nostrum<\/em>. But which Mediterranean country could undertake such an initiative? The front\u2011line role would surely fall to the four Mediterranean peninsulas: Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey. The last, in particular, occupies a geographically crucial position, for the Anatolian peninsula\u2014situated at the centre of the great continental complex\u2014is the natural crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Considering that the first issue of your journal Eurasia was dedicated to Turkey, where does Turkey fit into your geopolitical theory?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"349\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ch-6-Eurasia-magazine-2.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2483\" style=\"width:171px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ch-6-Eurasia-magazine-2.webp 349w, https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ch-6-Eurasia-magazine-2-212x300.webp 212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The region the Byzantine Greeks called Anatolia (\u201cland of the rising sun\u201d) was in antiquity regarded as an integral part of Europe: Herodotus set Europe\u2019s eastern boundary at the Phasis River, near today\u2019s Georgian ports of Poti and Batumi. In the Middle Ages Dante placed \u201cthe extremity of Europe\u201d near the mountains of Asia Minor, from which, after Troy\u2019s destruction, the Imperial Eagle flew toward Italy. In the nineteenth century the geographer \u00c9lis\u00e9e\u202fReclus said that Anatolia is a land of Asia set into a European coastline, while simultaneously linking south\u2011eastern Europe to the Eurasian land\u2011mass.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the Anatolian peninsula is the western\u2011most projection of Asia, it is at the same time the fourth Mediterranean peninsula, occupying a position analogous to those of Greece, Italy, and Iberia; in relation to the latter, Anatolia stands in a mirror position, so that the two peninsulas can be regarded as the guardians of the Mediterranean. Yet Turkey is not only Anatolia; Turkey is also Constantinople, former capital of what Arnold\u202fToynbee called \u201ca Turkish Muslim Roman Empire.\u201d In short, Turkey is a quintessentially Eurasian country, straddling both Asia and Europe. Therefore, when people say that Turkey must choose between Europe and Asia, they pose a false dilemma. In my view, the choice before Turkey is between Eurasia and the West.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Do you believe a Muslim European identity could emerge, given that anti\u2011Islamic and anti\u2011Muslim sentiments have played a significant role in shaping European identity throughout history? How should the rising Right and Muslims in Europe approach each other?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the Left has carried out an insidious strategy of contaminating Muslim communities, there is no real willingness on the part of right\u2011wing movements to come closer to Muslims, nor any inclination in that direction. Fundamentally Occidentalist, the Right adopts pro\u2011Islamic positions only in situations where a particular Muslim reality happens to converge with Western interests\u2014as was the case, for example, in Afghanistan during the anti\u2011Soviet guerrilla war or in the ethnically torn Yugoslavia. Conversely, wherever a Muslim people\u2019s stance clashes with that of the West, the Right (with the exception of some negligible fringe of the extreme Right) is invariably found in anti\u2011Islamic positions. Certainly, the European Right could establish an understanding\u2014or at least a dialogue\u2014with Muslims by proposing a common defence of the moral values attacked by the culture now dominant in the West. Why does it not do so? Either through obtuseness, or cowardice, or because it judges that pseudo\u2011identitarian demagogy is more profitable in electoral terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Where do Conservative Revolution and Traditionalism converge and diverge, in your view? Do you think this line of thought can effectively challenge or halt the advance of secular liberalism?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The formula \u201cConservative Revolution\u201d (<em>Konservative Revolution<\/em>), born in German circles after the First World War, was meant to signify action aimed at eliminating a condition of disorder in order to restore a state of normality. Today, however, given the depth to which so\u2011called \u201cWestern civilisation\u201d has sunk, it should be clear that little remains in Europe that would deserve to be conserved. As for the concept of revolution, if it is to be understood in its etymological sense, one is inevitably led to think of a <strong>return<\/strong> (<em>revolutio<\/em>) to those fundamental principles denied by modernity. In that case Traditionalism, to be meaningful, cannot be conceived as homage to residual forms and institutions handed down from the past, but rather as an aspiration to a new beginning. Therefore, instead of a \u201cConservative Revolution\u201d we should theorise a \u201cTraditional Revolution\u201d inspired by a \u201cRevolutionary Traditionalism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Since the 1980s, post\u2011modern attitudes have gained considerable momentum. Do you think post\u2011modernism has created room for the re\u2011emergence of tradition and Traditionalism, or has it rather diminished their influence?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Post\u2011modernity is not the overcoming of the modern world, but its supreme phase, in which nihilism is fulfilled through the subversion of nature and the technologisation of man, who is indeed surpassed\u2014but downward, toward the infra\u2011human. If one wishes to resist this artificial and inverted \u201corder,\u201d one must first act upon one\u2019s own consciousness, so as to be able to reject every deception and every seduction, every temptation to surrender or neutrality, and then behave accordingly. That the culminating stage of modernity might facilitate the re\u2011emergence of tradition may seem paradoxical, but in the end it is a necessary prospect, because from the traditional spirit can come the strength needed to refuse submission to an unreal world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Do you intend to write your memoirs?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Standing on the threshold of eighty, I ought to write <em>Confessions of an Octogenarian<\/em>.  But a book with that title already exists: it was written by Ippolito\u202fNievo between 1857 and 1858.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Claudio\u202fMutti is an Italian scholar\u202f\u2014\u202fa Muslim, a Traditionalist, and a Eurasianist \u2014 who continues to direct Eurasia Rivista. Over the course of his life he has crossed paths with many leading figures and has personally witnessed the decisive turning\u2011points of our age; this is his first interview conducted in Turkey. We covered a wide range&#8230; <span class=\"more\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/14\/claudio-mutti-instead-of-a-conservative-revolution-we-should-theorise-a-traditional-revolution-inspired-by-a-revolutionary-traditionalism\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&#8594;<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[65,67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-other-languages","category-opinion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Claudio\u202fMutti: \u00a0Instead of a \u201cConservative Revolution\u201d we should theorise a \u201cTraditional Revolution\u201d inspired by a \u201cRevolutionary Traditionalism\u201d - Eren Ye\u015filyurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2025\/07\/14\/claudio-mutti-instead-of-a-conservative-revolution-we-should-theorise-a-traditional-revolution-inspired-by-a-revolutionary-traditionalism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Claudio\u202fMutti: \u00a0Instead of a \u201cConservative Revolution\u201d we should theorise a \u201cTraditional Revolution\u201d inspired by a \u201cRevolutionary Traditionalism\u201d - Eren Ye\u015filyurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Claudio\u202fMutti is an Italian scholar\u202f\u2014\u202fa Muslim, a Traditionalist, and a Eurasianist \u2014 who continues to direct Eurasia Rivista. 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