{"id":3223,"date":"2026-11-02T01:22:01","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/?p=3223"},"modified":"2026-11-02T01:37:59","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:37:59","slug":"martin-tielke-schmitt-was-a-concrete-political-thinker-for-junger-reality-was-merely-a-parable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/martin-tielke-schmitt-was-a-concrete-political-thinker-for-junger-reality-was-merely-a-parable\/","title":{"rendered":"Martin Tielke: Schmitt was a concrete political thinker; for J\u00fcnger, reality was merely a parable"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ernst J\u00fcnger and Carl Schmitt, who set out to grasp the singular features of the epoch in which we live, are two pioneering figures whose influence is still felt today. We spoke about their remarkable relationship, which went through significant ruptures and transformations over the years, with Martin Tielke, author of the monograph Der stille B\u00fcrgerkrieg: Ernst J\u00fcnger und Carl Schmitt im Dritten Reich<\/em> (Landt Verlag, 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The relationship between Ernst J\u00fcnger and Carl Schmitt began in Berlin in 1930 and was sustained over more than fifty years in hundreds of letters. It seems less like a classic community of shared convictions than an attraction of opposites. Yet the bond was so close that J\u00fcnger named his newborn son after Schmitt and made him the child\u2019s godfather. What drew Schmitt so strongly to J\u00fcnger?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Ernst J\u00fcnger and Carl Schmitt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Perhaps Schmitt was fascinated by the fact that J\u00fcnger was, in a certain sense, his opposite: a cold persona and a soldier who nonetheless came across as highly cultivated. What is astonishing is that the friendship grew especially warm precisely in the years when the two were politically furthest apart. J\u00fcnger kept his distance from the regime from the outset, while Schmitt pinned his career hopes on the new rulers. And yet Schmitt became godfather to J\u00fcnger\u2019s son, born in 1934, in exactly this period. Schmitt registered the contrast between their natures very precisely. He recognized J\u00fcnger\u2019s armored self and pinched reserve, but also his capacity for self-overcoming. He saw himself, by contrast, as a powerless jurist caught in the machinery of world history. At the very beginning of the relationship, moreover, stood a compliment from J\u00fcnger, who likened Schmitt\u2019s The Concept of the Political<\/em> to a mine that explodes without a sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During the years of the dictatorship, the two exchanged ideas intensively about their reading. Which texts were formative for Schmitt and for J\u00fcnger in this period, and who introduced whom to authors such as Melville or L\u00e9on Bloy? Do these readings also reveal differences in the way each of them interpreted his situation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Under National Socialism, the formative and existential texts for Schmitt were works by Herman Melville, Konrad Wei\u00df and Annette von Droste-H\u00fclshoff. Droste became central to him especially toward the end of the war. Melville\u2019s story Benito Cereno<\/em> preoccupied Schmitt so much that he persistently asked J\u00fcnger in his letters whether he had read it yet, and he identified with the title character himself. The ship was for him an image of a state order that had foundered in revolution and civil war. He likened the mutinous slaves to the SS that threatened him, while the leader of the mutiny served him as a cipher for Hitler. In Konrad Wei\u00df and Droste-H\u00fclshoff he sought above all religious and existential support. It was Schmitt who pointed J\u00fcnger to L\u00e9on Bloy, not the other way round, though he later doubted whether J\u00fcnger had understood him at all. J\u00fcnger, for his part, was more fascinated by Edgar Allan Poe. Here a fundamental difference shows itself: whereas Schmitt saw in Melville\u2019s story an image of his own concrete political situation, Poe\u2019s descent into the Maelstrom was for J\u00fcnger a metaphysical image. Schmitt was the concrete political thinker, whereas J\u00fcnger understood reality rather as a parable. Of J\u00fcnger\u2019s works from this period, Schmitt valued The Adventurous Heart<\/em> above all, especially the passage about the Head Ranger, but he also quoted On the Marble Cliffs<\/em> again and again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sidelined by the regime, Schmitt had withdrawn into an inner space by 1938 at the latest, with his book on the Leviathan, and spent the war years in Berlin. J\u00fcnger, meanwhile, kept his diaries in uniform on the staff of the occupation command in Paris. Did these very different forms of \u201celoquent silence,\u201d the jurist\u2019s and the writer\u2019s, influence each other? And how did Schmitt view J\u00fcnger\u2019s situation in Paris?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There was hardly any mutual influence. In a certain sense Schmitt envied J\u00fcnger, since his officer\u2019s uniform gave him a degree of protection from the Gestapo. After the war, both regarded themselves as fortunate survivors. In Schmitt\u2019s understanding, this was because neither of them had remained a wholly private person in the National Socialist state. J\u00fcnger was a Wehrmacht officer, and Schmitt, after losing his party offices in 1936, kept the title of Prussian State Councillor. Even so, neither really grasped the danger the other was actually in. J\u00fcnger did not read Schmitt\u2019s Leviathan book as a signal sent out of existential distress and had little sense of the peril Schmitt faced. Schmitt, for his part, believed that J\u00fcnger had led a fairly comfortable life in Paris, overlooking the fact that dangers lurked there too. Schmitt himself, by his own account, lived under constant pressure not to attract the attention of the security apparatus. In these years their relationship was marked by mutual blindness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After the war ended, the friendship fell into a deep crisis that eventually led to a years-long break in their correspondence. Why did J\u00fcnger\u2019s attempt in his novel Heliopolis<\/em> to capture the epoch in an abstracting, mythological language provoke such deep bitterness in Schmitt? And what role did the completely changed circumstances of the two men after 1945 play in this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

After the war, the situation was completely different. Whilst J\u00fcnger, during the Nazi era, turned to surrealism with The Adventurous Heart <\/em>and told a mythologically embellished story in The Marble Cliffs<\/em>, Schmitt found himself under immense pressure to explain himself because of his Nazi writings. However, he refused to make a public statement because he fundamentally distrusted the public. To him, public rituals of penance were an obscene spectacle. In Ex Captivitate Salus he writes: \u2018Whoever wishes to confess, let him go and present himself to the priest.\u2019 That is precisely what he did: in June 1945, he noted that he had \u2018confessed to the vicar my ruin as a legal scholar\u2019. As the 1945 diary now makes clear, he acknowledged his \u2018guilt\u2019 very openly \u2013 but not publicly! A verse by Droste becomes something of a refrain: \u2018Thus must I atone for my own guilt and folly\u2019. J\u00fcnger need not have mythologised anything further after 1945. That he did so nonetheless, Schmitt regarded as hypocritical. On 25 November 1949, he saw Heliopolis as an escape from having to speak the harsh truth. What had taken place in Marmorklippen<\/em> whilst still under the compulsion to camouflage now struck him as a pitiful evasion. Citing Heraclitus\u2019s maxim \u2018One cannot step into the same river twice\u2019, he reproached J\u00fcnger for stepping into the same river three times with Marmorklippen<\/em>, Strahlungen<\/em> and Heliopolis<\/em>. In a more polite letter to J\u00fcnger himself on the same day, he wrote that he was \u2018a Chaopolit, not a Heliopolit\u2019. The break only came when J\u00fcnger recounted their shared history in the subjunctive. Had Schmitt followed his advice in 1933, so J\u00fcnger argued, he might no longer be alive, but would be entitled to pass judgement on him. \u2018Thus speaks a survivor to a survivor,\u2019 Schmitt noted bitterly in the glossary. He countered with Bloy\u2019s words, \u2018Tout ce qui arrive est adorable\u2019, and had to recognise that Bloy \u2018hangs like a blind window\u2019 on J\u00fcnger\u2019s fa\u00e7ade. On 5 February 1950, he replied simply: \u2018Capisco et obmutesco\u2019 (Furthermore, Schmitt was living in straitened circumstances and was in a poor financial position (no pension), whilst J\u00fcnger was soon once again a well-paid and recognised author. In July 1945, his diary reads: \u2018Not a penny to my name\u2019 On 21 August, he wrote: \u2018He is safe; I am sitting here on the Orel\u2019. A certain degree of envy may well have played a part here. However, that alone does not explain the break. The often-cited \u2018resentment\u2019 on Schmitt\u2019s part falls short, because behind it lay objective differences that only came to the fore after the end of the Nazi state.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ernst J\u00fcnger and Carl Schmitt, who set out to grasp the singular features of the epoch in which we live, are two pioneering figures whose influence is still felt today. We spoke about their\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[69,65],"tags":[],"abalto_lang":[125],"class_list":["post-3223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contributions","category-english-other-languages","abalto_lang-en"],"yoast_head":"\nMartin Tielke: Schmitt was a concrete political thinker; for J\u00fcnger, reality was merely a parable - Eren Ye\u015filyurt<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/erenyesilyurt.com\/index.php\/2026\/11\/02\/martin-tielke-schmitt-was-a-concrete-political-thinker-for-junger-reality-was-merely-a-parable\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Martin Tielke: Schmitt was a concrete political thinker; for J\u00fcnger, reality was merely a parable - Eren Ye\u015filyurt\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ernst J\u00fcnger and Carl Schmitt, who set out to grasp the singular features of the epoch in which we live, are two pioneering figures whose influence is still felt today. 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